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Objective:To explore the characteristics of the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk in a community population.Method:This was a prospective cohort study. From December 2011 to April 2012, the first investigation was conducted among subjects with more than 40-year old who were from Shijingshan district and Pingguoyuan community in Beijing. The second investigation was conducted from April to October 2015. All the subjects were divided into three groups according to the tertile of the TyG index at baseline. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model was established to explore the correlation between the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve of the TyG index group was drawn. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, gender, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia to determine the correlation characteristics between the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease among subgroups.Results:A total of 9 577 subjects were finally included to analyze. The mean follow-up time of this study was (34.14±3.84) months. During the follow-up, 363 subjects (3.8%) occurred nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease. The multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that the hazard ratio ( HR) of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease in the high TyG index group was 1.54 (95% CI 1.19-1.98), 1.60 (95% CI 1.23-2.10), and 1.57 (95% CI 1.20-2.05) in the three models, compared with the low TyG index group. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the risk of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease increased from the low-TyG index group to the high-TyG index group ( P=0.015). In the six subgroups analysis, only gender was shown to have a significant interaction effect with the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk. In the female population, the risk of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease is significantly increased with the increase in the TyG index level ( P<0.001). Conclusions:A high TyG index is independently related to the increased risk of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease in the Beijing community population. Gender has a significant interaction with the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk. Therefore, the TyG index may be a useful marker to predict the nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk of a community population.
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Objective To investigate whether brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV),independently and jointly with the level of body mass index(BMI),affect the risk of incident diabetes with hypertension. Methods The effects of baPWV and BMI level on incident diabetes with hypertension were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank test) and multi logistical regression models after adjustment for various confounding factors. Results A total of 2 222 participants were recruited in this study. Higher baPWV (Q4) was associated with a greater risk of incident diabetes with hypertension simultaneously compared with baPWV in the lower quartiles(Q1-Q3),with HR 4.16(95% CI 2.14,8.09)in the crude model,2.52(95% CI 1.10,5.78) in modelI,and 2.45(95% CI 1.05, 5.70)in modelⅡ.The highest risk of diabetes with hypertension simultaneously was in the group with high baPWV and BMI≥25 kg/m2,with HR 11.50(95% CI 4.5,29.9)in the crude model,4.20(95% CI 1.4,13.1)in modelI,and 4.30(95% CI 1.4,13.3) in modelⅡ. Conclusions The joint effect of baPWV and BMI level on incident diabetes with hypertension simultaneously is a better predictor than their independent effect. The risk of incident diabetes with hypertension markedly increases in the subjects with BMI≥25 kg/m2and higher baPWV.
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Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical features and etiologies in hospitalized patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretics (SIAD) during the past 25 years.Methods All data of 128 patients with SIAD admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital since January 1991 to January 2016 were collected.SIAD was diagnosed based on the 1957 criterion.Results (1) The most frequent causes of increased inappropriate secretion of vasopressin were malignant tumors , lung diseases ( e.g.pneumonia ) , and central nervous system diseases , in which malignant tumors accounted for 38.28% of the SIAD.(2) During the past 25 years, the proportion of malignant diseases declined from 4/7 to 35.29%, while, the proportion of pulmonary infection increased from 1/7 to 35.29% ( P<0.05 ) .( 3 ) The patients with malignant tumors had the lowest serum sodium and serum osmolality among all SIAD patients .(4) CT scan had a high diagnostic value for chest and brain detection .( 5 ) Among three SIAD subjects with unknown reasons at onset , two were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer and one with gastric cancer during follow -up.Conclusion The etiology of SIAD is complex and it could be attributed to multifarious etiological factors.Malignant tumors account for the largest proportion of all patients , and pulmonary infection was ranked in second place .Cautions on tumors have to be taken when serum sodium of a SIAD patient is below 118.1 mmol/L.
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Objective The study was conducted to investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome ( MS) and hyperuricemia in Chinese community residents, and to assess differences of menopausal status and genders in the relationship between MS and serum uric acid ( SUA ) levels. Methods A total of 10191 subjects ( 5838 postmenopausal women, 726 premenopausal women, and 3627 men) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. All participants received standard questionnaire survey, physical examination, oral glucose tolerance test, and laboratory examination ( serum uric acid, serum lipid, liver and kidney functions ) . MS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation ( IDF) criteria. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA>420μmol/L for men and>360μmol/L for women. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 14. 4％ in men, 11. 8％ in postmenopausal women, and 6. 2％ in premenopausal women. The prevalence of MS was 35. 2％ in men, 46. 2％ in postmenopausal women, and 28. 9％ in premenopausal women. The body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides levels were most strongly associated with SUA levels in all groups, while the correlation coefficients of these factors were higher in females than those in males. Individuals in the highest SUA quartile had 3. 538-fold, 2. 088-fold, and 1. 404-fold increased risk of MS as compared with those in the lowest quartile in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women, and men, respectively. The risks of developing each components of MS in females were higher than those in males. Conclusions There is an association between SUA level and MS, and the relationships between SUA levels and MS were much closer in females than those in males. Individuals with higher SUA levels were more likely to develop MS and its components than those with lower SUA levels. Premenopausal women with high level of SUA may have the highest risk of developing MS in Chinses community residents.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of stroke and risk factors for stroke in middle-aged and elderly population in Beijing.Methods A population based cross sectional survey was conducted among 19 145 subjects (males:6 732;females:12 413) aged ≥40 years from 3 communities in Shijingshan district of Beijing from November 2011 to August 2012.The information of subjects' demographic characteristics,lifestyle and histories of diabetes mellitus,hypertension and dyslipidemia were collected.The oral glucose tolerance test or a standard meal test was performed.Non-fatal stroke was reported by the subjects.Blood specimen were collected for detecting fasting blood glucose,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,HbA1c and 2-h blood glucose.Results The overall prevalence of stroke was 3.3％,and the gender specific prevalence was 4.8％ in males and 2.5％ in females.The standardized prevalence based on 2010 population census data was 3.2％,2.5％ and 3.9％,respectively.The overall prevalence of smoking,overweight or obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was 45.2％,60.4％,52.7％,51.5％,and 64.6％ in males,respectively,and 2.2％,55.1％,42.2％,45.6％,67.4％ in females,respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of stroke was higher in males than in females in the middle aged and elderly people in Beijing.The smoking rate was significantly higher in males than in females.The prevalence of overweight or obesity,hypertension,and hyperglycemia were all higher in males than in females.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of stroke and risk factors for stroke in middle-aged and elderly population in Beijing.Methods A population based cross sectional survey was conducted among 19 145 subjects (males:6 732;females:12 413) aged ≥40 years from 3 communities in Shijingshan district of Beijing from November 2011 to August 2012.The information of subjects' demographic characteristics,lifestyle and histories of diabetes mellitus,hypertension and dyslipidemia were collected.The oral glucose tolerance test or a standard meal test was performed.Non-fatal stroke was reported by the subjects.Blood specimen were collected for detecting fasting blood glucose,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,HbA1c and 2-h blood glucose.Results The overall prevalence of stroke was 3.3％,and the gender specific prevalence was 4.8％ in males and 2.5％ in females.The standardized prevalence based on 2010 population census data was 3.2％,2.5％ and 3.9％,respectively.The overall prevalence of smoking,overweight or obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia was 45.2％,60.4％,52.7％,51.5％,and 64.6％ in males,respectively,and 2.2％,55.1％,42.2％,45.6％,67.4％ in females,respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of stroke was higher in males than in females in the middle aged and elderly people in Beijing.The smoking rate was significantly higher in males than in females.The prevalence of overweight or obesity,hypertension,and hyperglycemia were all higher in males than in females.
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Objective To analyze the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness among population of different glucose tolerance status. Methods A cross-sectional study recruited the population aged 40 years or older from ShiJingShan district in Beijing. 9080 subjects were included by measured weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR) and WC/height ratio (WHtR) and hemodynamic indexes and the aortic stiffness (using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV). They were divided into 3 groups based on the results of OGTT and diabetes history: normal glucose tolerance group ( NGT group) ,impaired glucose regulation group ( IGR group) and diabetes mellitus group ( DM group) . The association between baPWV and different obese indexes was analyzed by multi-ple linear regression. Results According to the criterion of WC, WHR and WHtR, baPWV of central obesity group was significantly higher than the normal group(P0. 05), but it was of sta-tistically significant differences in NGT group and IGR group. Central obese indexes( WC、WHR、WHtR) showed a positive correlation to PWV in the studied groups(P0. 05). After adjusting for age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors, the multiple regression analysis found that for every 0. 1 point increase in WHR and WHtR, the PWV increased 40. 6 cm/s and 55. 3cm/s respectively. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between central obese indexes (WC、WHR、WHtR) and arterial stiffness, and the central obese indexes correlated with arterial stiffness better than BMI.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Stroke is now the most prevalent and debilitating disease affecting diabetic population in China. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stroke and metabolic disorders in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 4 629 subjects with type 2 diabetes (males: 1 917; females: 2 712) aged ≥ 40 years from Shijingshan district, Beijing, China from November 2011 to August 2012 were included in the study. Data on demographic information, lifestyle, history of diabetes mellitus, stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were collected. The oral glucose tolerance test or a standard meal test was performed. Non-fatal stroke was reported by the subjects. The 2-tailed test was used, and P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prevalence of stroke in the subjects with type 2 diabetes was 5.5%. The prevalence of smoking, overweight or obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was 41.0%, 65.8%, 67.4%, and 52.0% in males, and 2.2%, 65.5%, 69.5%, and 57.6% in females. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased age, hypertension, diabetic duration, and overweight or obesity were positively correlated with stroke in the population with type 2 diabetes, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was negatively correlated with stroke. After adjustment for age and gender, the odds ratio values of stroke in subjects having 1, 2 or ≥3 of 4 risk factors, including smoking, overweight or obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, were 2.302 (95% CI: 0.789-6.712), 4.089 (95% CI: 1.470-11.373), 6.023 (95% CI: 2.176-16.666), compared with subjects without any of the above 4 risk factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of stroke was higher in middle-aged and elderly Chinese with type 2 diabetes than that in the general population. With the aggregation of risk factors, the prevalence of stroke increased.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asian People , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Epidemiology , Metabolism , Metabolic Diseases , Epidemiology , Metabolism , Risk Factors , Stroke , Epidemiology , MetabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of NF-κB on cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin(Dox) in rats and the effect of melatonin(MT). METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group; Dox model group; Dox+MT group. The content of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cardiac tissues were examined by spectrophotography method; the activity of NF-κB in myocardial cell was observed by immunohistochemistry method; the apoptosis information of myocardial cell was detected by TUNEL method. RESULTS There was significant difference in activity of NF-κB between normal control and the Dox model group. MT could inhibit the activation of NF-κB(P＜0.05). There was significant difference in the content of NO and the activity of iNOS between normal control and Dox model group, MT could decrease content of NO and the activity of iNOS(P＜0.05); apoptotic rate in Dox model group was significantly increased compared with that in normal control group, MT could significantly decrease myocardial cell apoptosis (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The activation of NF-κB plays an important role in cardiomyopathy induced by Dox, NF-κB seems to increase the activity of iNOS, and then significantly increase the content of NO in cardiac muscle; NF-κB possibly enhances myocardial cell apoptosis in cardiomyopathy induced by Dox. MT may inhibit the activation of NF-κB, and prevent excessive oxidative stress and suppress myocardial cell apoptosis, MT has protective effect against cardiomyopathy induced by Dox.
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Objective To explore the expressions of autophagy-related gene Beclin-1 and LC3 in adriamycin induced eardiomyopathy rats,to prnve that autophagy might take part in the development of adriamycin induced eardiomyopathy in rats,so as to provide experimental and theoretical evidence for preventing and treating adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,control groups,ADR group and ADR+3-MA group.The model of adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy rats was established.The tissue sample taken from the left ventricle wall was checked for the morphons of autophagosome by electron microscope. The expressions of Beelin-1 and LC3 of myocardium were detected.Results The morphons of autophagosome in ADR group was significantly increased compared with that in control and ADR +3-MA groups. The expression of Beclin-1 in myocardium of ADR group was significantly inereased compared with that in control and ADR +3-MA groups (P < 0.05).The level of LC3 in myocardium of ADR group was significantly increased compared with that in control and ADR+3-MA groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions Autophagy plays an important role in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy.